Support connect gateway (#306)

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -11,8 +11,10 @@
         "dotenvy",
         "getconfig",
         "globalprotect",
+        "globalprotectcallback",
         "gpapi",
         "gpauth",
+        "gpcallback",
         "gpclient",
         "gpcommon",
         "gpgui",
@@ -50,5 +52,6 @@
         "wmctrl",
         "XAUTHORITY",
         "yuezk"
-    ]
+    ],
+    "rust-analyzer.cargo.features": "all",
 }

Cargo.lock

@@ -1423,7 +1423,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "gpapi"
-version = "2.0.0-beta3"
+version = "2.0.0-beta7"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "base64 0.21.5",
@@ -1431,6 +1431,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "clap",
  "dotenvy_macro",
  "log",
+ "open",
  "redact-engine",
  "regex",
  "reqwest",
@@ -1451,7 +1452,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "gpauth"
-version = "2.0.0-beta3"
+version = "2.0.0-beta7"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "clap",
@@ -1471,7 +1472,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "gpclient"
-version = "2.0.0-beta3"
+version = "2.0.0-beta7"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "clap",
@@ -1492,7 +1493,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "gpservice"
-version = "2.0.0-beta3"
+version = "2.0.0-beta7"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "axum",
@@ -1963,6 +1964,15 @@ version = "2.9.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "8f518f335dce6725a761382244631d86cf0ccb2863413590b31338feb467f9c3"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "is-docker"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "928bae27f42bc99b60d9ac7334e3a21d10ad8f1835a4e12ec3ec0464765ed1b3"
+dependencies = [
+ "once_cell",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "is-terminal"
 version = "0.4.10"
@@ -1974,6 +1984,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-sys 0.52.0",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "is-wsl"
+version = "0.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "173609498df190136aa7dea1a91db051746d339e18476eed5ca40521f02d7aa5"
+dependencies = [
+ "is-docker",
+ "once_cell",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "is_executable"
 version = "1.0.1"
@@ -2445,9 +2465,20 @@ version = "0.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "624a8340c38c1b80fd549087862da4ba43e08858af025b236e509b6649fc13d5"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "open"
+version = "5.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "90878fb664448b54c4e592455ad02831e23a3f7e157374a8b95654731aac7349"
+dependencies = [
+ "is-wsl",
+ "libc",
+ "pathdiff",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "openconnect"
-version = "2.0.0-beta3"
+version = "2.0.0-beta7"
 dependencies = [
  "cc",
  "is_executable",
@@ -2574,6 +2605,12 @@ version = "1.0.14"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "de3145af08024dea9fa9914f381a17b8fc6034dfb00f3a84013f7ff43f29ed4c"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "pathdiff"
+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8835116a5c179084a830efb3adc117ab007512b535bc1a21c991d3b32a6b44dd"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "percent-encoding"
 version = "2.3.1"

Cargo.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ resolver = "2"
 members = ["crates/*", "apps/gpclient", "apps/gpservice", "apps/gpauth"]
 
 [workspace.package]
-version = "2.0.0-beta3"
+version = "2.0.0-beta7"
 authors = ["Kevin Yue <k3vinyue@gmail.com>"]
 homepage = "https://github.com/yuezk/GlobalProtect-openconnect"
 edition = "2021"

README.md

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ A GUI for GlobalProtect VPN, based on OpenConnect, supports the SSO authenticati
 - [x] Better Linux support
 - [x] Support both CLI and GUI
 - [x] Support both SSO and non-SSO authentication
+- [x] Support the FIDO2 authentication (e.g., YubiKey)
+- [x] Support authentication using default browser
 - [x] Support multiple portals
 - [x] Support gateway selection
 - [x] Support auto-connect on startup

apps/gpauth/src/auth_window.rs

@@ -203,7 +203,8 @@ impl<'a> AuthWindow<'a> {
       wv.connect_load_failed(move |_wv, _event, uri, err| {
         let redacted_uri = redact_uri(uri);
         warn!("Failed to load uri: {} with error: {}", redacted_uri, err);
-        send_auth_result(&auth_result_tx, Err(AuthDataError::Invalid));
+        // NOTE: Don't send error here, since load_changed event will be triggered after this
+        // send_auth_result(&auth_result_tx, Err(AuthDataError::Invalid));
         // true to stop other handlers from being invoked for the event. false to propagate the event further.
         true
       });
@@ -283,12 +284,10 @@ fn raise_window(window: &Arc<Window>) {
   }
 }
 
-pub(crate) async fn portal_prelogin(portal: &str, gp_params: &GpParams) -> anyhow::Result<String> {
+pub async fn portal_prelogin(portal: &str, gp_params: &GpParams) -> anyhow::Result<String> {
-  info!("Portal prelogin...");
-
   match prelogin(portal, gp_params).await? {
     Prelogin::Saml(prelogin) => Ok(prelogin.saml_request().to_string()),
-    Prelogin::Standard(_) => Err(anyhow::anyhow!("Received non-SAML prelogin response")),
+    Prelogin::Standard(_) => bail!("Received non-SAML prelogin response"),
   }
 }
 

apps/gpauth/src/cli.rs

@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ const VERSION: &str = concat!(
 struct Cli {
   server: String,
   #[arg(long)]
+  gateway: bool,
+  #[arg(long)]
   saml_request: Option<String>,
   #[arg(long, default_value = GP_USER_AGENT)]
   user_agent: String,
@@ -102,6 +104,7 @@ impl Cli {
       .client_os(ClientOs::from(&self.os))
       .os_version(self.os_version.clone())
       .ignore_tls_errors(self.ignore_tls_errors)
+      .is_gateway(self.gateway)
       .build();
 
     gp_params

apps/gpclient/src/cli.rs

@@ -115,10 +115,8 @@ pub(crate) async fn run() {
       eprintln!("{} --fix-openssl {}\n", args[0], args[1..].join(" "));
     }
 
-    if err.contains("certificate verify failed") {
+    if err.contains("certificate verify failed") && !cli.ignore_tls_errors {
-      eprintln!(
+      eprintln!("\nRe-run it with the `--ignore-tls-errors` option to ignore the certificate error, e.g.:\n");
-        "\nRe-run it with the `--ignore-tls-errors` option to ignore the certificate error, e.g.:\n"
-      );
       // Print the command
       let args = std::env::args().collect::<Vec<_>>();
       eprintln!("{} --ignore-tls-errors {}\n", args[0], args[1..].join(" "));

apps/gpclient/src/connect.rs

@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ use gpapi::{
   credential::{Credential, PasswordCredential},
   gateway::gateway_login,
   gp_params::{ClientOs, GpParams},
-  portal::{prelogin, retrieve_config, Prelogin},
+  portal::{prelogin, retrieve_config, PortalError, Prelogin},
   process::auth_launcher::SamlAuthLauncher,
-  utils::{self, shutdown_signal},
+  utils::shutdown_signal,
   GP_USER_AGENT,
 };
 use inquire::{Password, PasswordDisplayMode, Select, Text};
@@ -71,19 +71,38 @@ impl<'a> ConnectHandler<'a> {
     Self { args, shared_args }
   }
 
-  pub(crate) async fn handle(&self) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+  fn build_gp_params(&self) -> GpParams {
-    let portal = utils::normalize_server(self.args.server.as_str())?;
+    GpParams::builder()
-
-    let gp_params = GpParams::builder()
       .user_agent(&self.args.user_agent)
       .client_os(ClientOs::from(&self.args.os))
       .os_version(self.args.os_version())
       .ignore_tls_errors(self.shared_args.ignore_tls_errors)
-      .build();
+      .build()
+  }
 
-    let prelogin = prelogin(&portal, &gp_params).await?;
+  pub(crate) async fn handle(&self) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
-    let portal_credential = self.obtain_portal_credential(&prelogin).await?;
+    let server = self.args.server.as_str();
-    let mut portal_config = retrieve_config(&portal, &portal_credential, &gp_params).await?;
+
+    let Err(err) = self.connect_portal_with_prelogin(server).await else {
+      return Ok(());
+    };
+
+    info!("Failed to connect portal with prelogin: {}", err);
+    if err.root_cause().downcast_ref::<PortalError>().is_some() {
+      info!("Trying the gateway authentication workflow...");
+      return self.connect_gateway_with_prelogin(server).await;
+    }
+
+    Err(err)
+  }
+
+  async fn connect_portal_with_prelogin(&self, portal: &str) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let gp_params = self.build_gp_params();
+
+    let prelogin = prelogin(portal, &gp_params).await?;
+
+    let cred = self.obtain_credential(&prelogin, portal).await?;
+    let mut portal_config = retrieve_config(portal, &cred, &gp_params).await?;
 
     let selected_gateway = match &self.args.gateway {
       Some(gateway) => portal_config
@@ -105,9 +124,32 @@ impl<'a> ConnectHandler<'a> {
 
     let gateway = selected_gateway.server();
     let cred = portal_config.auth_cookie().into();
-    let token = gateway_login(gateway, &cred, &gp_params).await?;
 
-    let vpn = Vpn::builder(gateway, &token)
+    let cookie = match gateway_login(gateway, &cred, &gp_params).await {
+      Ok(cookie) => cookie,
+      Err(err) => {
+        info!("Gateway login failed: {}", err);
+        return self.connect_gateway_with_prelogin(gateway).await;
+      }
+    };
+
+    self.connect_gateway(gateway, &cookie).await
+  }
+
+  async fn connect_gateway_with_prelogin(&self, gateway: &str) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let mut gp_params = self.build_gp_params();
+    gp_params.set_is_gateway(true);
+
+    let prelogin = prelogin(gateway, &gp_params).await?;
+    let cred = self.obtain_credential(&prelogin, &gateway).await?;
+
+    let cookie = gateway_login(gateway, &cred, &gp_params).await?;
+
+    self.connect_gateway(gateway, &cookie).await
+  }
+
+  async fn connect_gateway(&self, gateway: &str, cookie: &str) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let vpn = Vpn::builder(gateway, cookie)
       .user_agent(self.args.user_agent.clone())
       .script(self.args.script.clone())
       .build();
@@ -132,10 +174,17 @@ impl<'a> ConnectHandler<'a> {
     Ok(())
   }
 
-  async fn obtain_portal_credential(&self, prelogin: &Prelogin) -> anyhow::Result<Credential> {
+  async fn obtain_credential(
+    &self,
+    prelogin: &Prelogin,
+    server: &str,
+  ) -> anyhow::Result<Credential> {
+    let is_gateway = prelogin.is_gateway();
+
     match prelogin {
       Prelogin::Saml(prelogin) => {
         SamlAuthLauncher::new(&self.args.server)
+          .gateway(is_gateway)
           .saml_request(prelogin.saml_request())
           .user_agent(&self.args.user_agent)
           .os(self.args.os.as_str())
@@ -148,7 +197,8 @@ impl<'a> ConnectHandler<'a> {
           .await
       }
       Prelogin::Standard(prelogin) => {
-        println!("{}", prelogin.auth_message());
+        let prefix = if is_gateway { "Gateway" } else { "Portal" };
+        println!("{} ({}: {})", prelogin.auth_message(), prefix, server);
 
         let user = self.args.user.as_ref().map_or_else(
           || Text::new(&format!("{}:", prelogin.label_username())).prompt(),

apps/gpclient/src/launch_gui.rs

@@ -10,7 +10,12 @@ use log::info;
 
 #[derive(Args)]
 pub(crate) struct LaunchGuiArgs {
-  #[clap(long, help = "Launch the GUI minimized")]
+  #[arg(
+    required = false,
+    help = "The authentication data, used for the default browser authentication"
+  )]
+  auth_data: Option<String>,
+  #[arg(long, help = "Launch the GUI minimized")]
   minimized: bool,
 }
 
@@ -30,6 +35,12 @@ impl<'a> LaunchGuiHandler<'a> {
       anyhow::bail!("`launch-gui` cannot be run as root");
     }
 
+    let auth_data = self.args.auth_data.as_deref().unwrap_or_default();
+    if !auth_data.is_empty() {
+      // Process the authentication data, its format is `globalprotectcallback:<data>`
+      return feed_auth_data(auth_data).await;
+    }
+
     if try_active_gui().await.is_ok() {
       info!("The GUI is already running");
       return Ok(());
@@ -66,6 +77,19 @@ impl<'a> LaunchGuiHandler<'a> {
   }
 }
 
+async fn feed_auth_data(auth_data: &str) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+  let service_endpoint = http_endpoint().await?;
+
+  reqwest::Client::default()
+    .post(format!("{}/auth-data", service_endpoint))
+    .json(&auth_data)
+    .send()
+    .await?
+    .error_for_status()?;
+
+  Ok(())
+}
+
 async fn try_active_gui() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
   let service_endpoint = http_endpoint().await?;
 

apps/gpservice/com.yuezk.gpservice.policy

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE policyconfig PUBLIC "-//freedesktop//DTD PolicyKit Policy Configuration 1.0//EN" "http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/PolicyKit/1/policyconfig.dtd">
-<policyconfig>
-  <vendor>GlobalProtect-openconnect</vendor>
-  <vendor_url>https://github.com/yuezk/GlobalProtect-openconnect</vendor_url>
-  <icon_name>gpgui</icon_name>
-  <action id="com.yuezk.gpservice">
-    <description>Run GPService as root</description>
-    <message>Authentication is required to run the GPService as root</message>
-    <defaults>
-      <allow_any>yes</allow_any>
-      <allow_inactive>yes</allow_inactive>
-      <allow_active>yes</allow_active>
-    </defaults>
-    <annotate key="org.freedesktop.policykit.exec.path">/home/kevin/Documents/repos/gp/target/debug/gpservice</annotate>
-    <annotate key="org.freedesktop.policykit.exec.argv1">--with-gui</annotate>
-    <annotate key="org.freedesktop.policykit.exec.allow_gui">true</annotate>
-  </action>
-</policyconfig>

apps/gpservice/src/handlers.rs

@@ -21,6 +21,13 @@ pub(crate) async fn active_gui(State(ctx): State<Arc<WsServerContext>>) -> impl
   ctx.send_event(WsEvent::ActiveGui).await;
 }
 
+pub(crate) async fn auth_data(
+  State(ctx): State<Arc<WsServerContext>>,
+  body: String,
+) -> impl IntoResponse {
+  ctx.send_event(WsEvent::AuthData(body)).await;
+}
+
 pub(crate) async fn ws_handler(
   ws: WebSocketUpgrade,
   State(ctx): State<Arc<WsServerContext>>,

apps/gpservice/src/main.rs

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ mod cli;
 mod handlers;
 mod routes;
 mod vpn_task;
-mod ws_server;
 mod ws_connection;
+mod ws_server;
 
 #[tokio::main]
 async fn main() {

apps/gpservice/src/routes.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use axum::{routing::{get, post}, Router};
+use axum::{
+  routing::{get, post},
+  Router,
+};
 
 use crate::{handlers, ws_server::WsServerContext};
 
@@ -8,6 +11,7 @@ pub(crate) fn routes(ctx: Arc<WsServerContext>) -> Router {
   Router::new()
     .route("/health", get(handlers::health))
     .route("/active-gui", post(handlers::active_gui))
+    .route("/auth-data", post(handlers::auth_data))
     .route("/ws", get(handlers::ws_handler))
     .with_state(ctx)
 }

crates/gpapi/Cargo.toml

@@ -28,7 +28,9 @@ uzers.workspace = true
 
 tauri = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 clap = { workspace = true, optional = true }
+open = { version = "5", optional = true }
 
 [features]
 tauri = ["dep:tauri"]
 clap = ["dep:clap"]
+browser-auth = ["dep:open"]

crates/gpapi/src/auth.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+use anyhow::bail;
+use regex::Regex;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
@@ -37,6 +39,32 @@ impl SamlAuthData {
     }
   }
 
+  pub fn parse_html(html: &str) -> anyhow::Result<SamlAuthData> {
+    match parse_xml_tag(html, "saml-auth-status") {
+      Some(saml_status) if saml_status == "1" => {
+        let username = parse_xml_tag(html, "saml-username");
+        let prelogin_cookie = parse_xml_tag(html, "prelogin-cookie");
+        let portal_userauthcookie = parse_xml_tag(html, "portal-userauthcookie");
+
+        if SamlAuthData::check(&username, &prelogin_cookie, &portal_userauthcookie) {
+          return Ok(SamlAuthData::new(
+            username.unwrap(),
+            prelogin_cookie,
+            portal_userauthcookie,
+          ));
+        }
+
+        bail!("Found invalid auth data in HTML");
+      }
+      Some(status) => {
+        bail!("Found invalid SAML status {} in HTML", status);
+      }
+      None => {
+        bail!("No auth data found in HTML");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   pub fn username(&self) -> &str {
     &self.username
   }
@@ -61,3 +89,10 @@ impl SamlAuthData {
     username_valid && (prelogin_cookie_valid || portal_userauthcookie_valid)
   }
 }
+
+pub fn parse_xml_tag(html: &str, tag: &str) -> Option<String> {
+  let re = Regex::new(&format!("<{}>(.*)</{}>", tag, tag)).unwrap();
+  re.captures(html)
+    .and_then(|captures| captures.get(1))
+    .map(|m| m.as_str().to_string())
+}

crates/gpapi/src/credential.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use std::collections::HashMap;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use specta::Type;
 
-use crate::auth::SamlAuthData;
+use crate::{auth::SamlAuthData, utils::base64::decode_to_string};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Type, Clone)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
@@ -139,6 +139,24 @@ impl CachedCredential {
   pub fn set_auth_cookie(&mut self, auth_cookie: AuthCookieCredential) {
     self.auth_cookie = auth_cookie;
   }
+
+  pub fn set_username(&mut self, username: String) {
+    self.username = username;
+  }
+
+  pub fn set_password(&mut self, password: Option<String>) {
+    self.password = password.map(|s| s.to_string());
+  }
+}
+
+impl From<PasswordCredential> for CachedCredential {
+  fn from(value: PasswordCredential) -> Self {
+    Self::new(
+      value.username().to_owned(),
+      Some(value.password().to_owned()),
+      AuthCookieCredential::new("", "", ""),
+    )
+  }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Type, Clone)]
@@ -151,6 +169,17 @@ pub enum Credential {
 }
 
 impl Credential {
+  /// Create a credential from a globalprotectcallback:<base64 encoded string>
+  pub fn parse_gpcallback(auth_data: &str) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
+    // Remove the surrounding quotes
+    let auth_data = auth_data.trim_matches('"');
+    let auth_data = auth_data.trim_start_matches("globalprotectcallback:");
+    let auth_data = decode_to_string(auth_data)?;
+    let auth_data = SamlAuthData::parse_html(&auth_data)?;
+
+    Self::try_from(auth_data)
+  }
+
   pub fn username(&self) -> &str {
     match self {
       Credential::Password(cred) => cred.username(),

crates/gpapi/src/gateway/login.rs

@@ -1,17 +1,26 @@
+use anyhow::bail;
 use log::info;
 use reqwest::Client;
 use roxmltree::Document;
 use urlencoding::encode;
 
-use crate::{credential::Credential, gp_params::GpParams};
+use crate::{
+  credential::Credential,
+  gp_params::GpParams,
+  utils::{normalize_server, remove_url_scheme},
+};
 
 pub async fn gateway_login(
   gateway: &str,
   cred: &Credential,
   gp_params: &GpParams,
 ) -> anyhow::Result<String> {
-  let login_url = format!("https://{}/ssl-vpn/login.esp", gateway);
+  let url = normalize_server(gateway)?;
+  let gateway = remove_url_scheme(&url);
+
+  let login_url = format!("{}/ssl-vpn/login.esp", url);
   let client = Client::builder()
+    .danger_accept_invalid_certs(gp_params.ignore_tls_errors())
     .user_agent(gp_params.user_agent())
     .build()?;
 
@@ -19,13 +28,18 @@ pub async fn gateway_login(
   let extra_params = gp_params.to_params();
 
   params.extend(extra_params);
-  params.insert("server", gateway);
+  params.insert("server", &gateway);
 
   info!("Gateway login, user_agent: {}", gp_params.user_agent());
 
   let res = client.post(&login_url).form(&params).send().await?;
-  let res_xml = res.error_for_status()?.text().await?;
+  let status = res.status();
 
+  if status.is_client_error() || status.is_server_error() {
+    bail!("Gateway login error: {}", status)
+  }
+
+  let res_xml = res.text().await?;
   let doc = Document::parse(&res_xml)?;
 
   build_gateway_token(&doc, gp_params.computer())

crates/gpapi/src/gateway/mod.rs

@@ -31,6 +31,15 @@ impl Display for Gateway {
 }
 
 impl Gateway {
+  pub fn new(name: String, address: String) -> Self {
+    Self {
+      name,
+      address,
+      priority: 0,
+      priority_rules: vec![],
+    }
+  }
+
   pub fn name(&self) -> &str {
     &self.name
   }

crates/gpapi/src/gp_params.rs

@@ -44,12 +44,14 @@ impl ClientOs {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Type, Default)]
 pub struct GpParams {
+  is_gateway: bool,
   user_agent: String,
   client_os: ClientOs,
   os_version: Option<String>,
   client_version: Option<String>,
   computer: String,
   ignore_tls_errors: bool,
+  prefer_default_browser: bool,
 }
 
 impl GpParams {
@@ -57,6 +59,14 @@ impl GpParams {
     GpParamsBuilder::new()
   }
 
+  pub(crate) fn is_gateway(&self) -> bool {
+    self.is_gateway
+  }
+
+  pub fn set_is_gateway(&mut self, is_gateway: bool) {
+    self.is_gateway = is_gateway;
+  }
+
   pub(crate) fn user_agent(&self) -> &str {
     &self.user_agent
   }
@@ -69,6 +79,10 @@ impl GpParams {
     self.ignore_tls_errors
   }
 
+  pub fn prefer_default_browser(&self) -> bool {
+    self.prefer_default_browser
+  }
+
   pub(crate) fn to_params(&self) -> HashMap<&str, &str> {
     let mut params: HashMap<&str, &str> = HashMap::new();
     let client_os = self.client_os.as_str();
@@ -88,35 +102,45 @@ impl GpParams {
       params.insert("os-version", os_version);
     }
 
-    if let Some(client_version) = &self.client_version {
+    // NOTE: Do not include clientgpversion for now
-      params.insert("clientgpversion", client_version);
+    // if let Some(client_version) = &self.client_version {
-    }
+    //   params.insert("clientgpversion", client_version);
+    // }
 
     params
   }
 }
 
 pub struct GpParamsBuilder {
+  is_gateway: bool,
   user_agent: String,
   client_os: ClientOs,
   os_version: Option<String>,
   client_version: Option<String>,
   computer: String,
   ignore_tls_errors: bool,
+  prefer_default_browser: bool,
 }
 
 impl GpParamsBuilder {
   pub fn new() -> Self {
     Self {
+      is_gateway: false,
       user_agent: GP_USER_AGENT.to_string(),
       client_os: ClientOs::Linux,
       os_version: Default::default(),
       client_version: Default::default(),
       computer: whoami::hostname(),
       ignore_tls_errors: false,
+      prefer_default_browser: false,
     }
   }
 
+  pub fn is_gateway(&mut self, is_gateway: bool) -> &mut Self {
+    self.is_gateway = is_gateway;
+    self
+  }
+
   pub fn user_agent(&mut self, user_agent: &str) -> &mut Self {
     self.user_agent = user_agent.to_string();
     self
@@ -147,14 +171,21 @@ impl GpParamsBuilder {
     self
   }
 
+  pub fn prefer_default_browser(&mut self, prefer_default_browser: bool) -> &mut Self {
+    self.prefer_default_browser = prefer_default_browser;
+    self
+  }
+
   pub fn build(&self) -> GpParams {
     GpParams {
+      is_gateway: self.is_gateway,
       user_agent: self.user_agent.clone(),
       client_os: self.client_os.clone(),
       os_version: self.os_version.clone(),
       client_version: self.client_version.clone(),
       computer: self.computer.clone(),
       ignore_tls_errors: self.ignore_tls_errors,
+      prefer_default_browser: self.prefer_default_browser,
     }
   }
 }

crates/gpapi/src/portal/config.rs

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
-use anyhow::ensure;
+use anyhow::bail;
 use log::info;
-use reqwest::Client;
+use reqwest::{Client, StatusCode};
 use roxmltree::Document;
 use serde::Serialize;
 use specta::Type;
-use thiserror::Error;
 
 use crate::{
   credential::{AuthCookieCredential, Credential},
   gateway::{parse_gateways, Gateway},
   gp_params::GpParams,
-  utils::{normalize_server, xml},
+  portal::PortalError,
+  utils::{normalize_server, remove_url_scheme, xml},
 };
 
 #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Type)]
@@ -18,25 +18,12 @@ use crate::{
 pub struct PortalConfig {
   portal: String,
   auth_cookie: AuthCookieCredential,
+  config_cred: Credential,
   gateways: Vec<Gateway>,
   config_digest: Option<String>,
 }
 
 impl PortalConfig {
-  pub fn new(
-    portal: String,
-    auth_cookie: AuthCookieCredential,
-    gateways: Vec<Gateway>,
-    config_digest: Option<String>,
-  ) -> Self {
-    Self {
-      portal,
-      auth_cookie,
-      gateways,
-      config_digest,
-    }
-  }
-
   pub fn portal(&self) -> &str {
     &self.portal
   }
@@ -49,6 +36,10 @@ impl PortalConfig {
     &self.auth_cookie
   }
 
+  pub fn config_cred(&self) -> &Credential {
+    &self.config_cred
+  }
+
   /// In-place sort the gateways by region
   pub fn sort_gateways(&mut self, region: &str) {
     let preferred_gateway = self.find_preferred_gateway(region);
@@ -98,18 +89,6 @@ impl PortalConfig {
   }
 }
 
-#[derive(Error, Debug)]
-pub enum PortalConfigError {
-  #[error("Empty response, retrying can help")]
-  EmptyResponse,
-  #[error("Empty auth cookie, retrying can help")]
-  EmptyAuthCookie,
-  #[error("Invalid auth cookie, retrying can help")]
-  InvalidAuthCookie,
-  #[error("Empty gateways, retrying can help")]
-  EmptyGateways,
-}
-
 pub async fn retrieve_config(
   portal: &str,
   cred: &Credential,
@@ -120,6 +99,7 @@ pub async fn retrieve_config(
 
   let url = format!("{}/global-protect/getconfig.esp", portal);
   let client = Client::builder()
+    .danger_accept_invalid_certs(gp_params.ignore_tls_errors())
     .user_agent(gp_params.user_agent())
     .build()?;
 
@@ -133,42 +113,54 @@ pub async fn retrieve_config(
   info!("Portal config, user_agent: {}", gp_params.user_agent());
 
   let res = client.post(&url).form(&params).send().await?;
-  let res_xml = res.error_for_status()?.text().await?;
+  let status = res.status();
 
-  ensure!(!res_xml.is_empty(), PortalConfigError::EmptyResponse);
+  if status == StatusCode::NOT_FOUND {
+    bail!(PortalError::ConfigError(
+      "Config endpoint not found".to_string()
+    ))
+  }
 
-  let doc = Document::parse(&res_xml)?;
+  if status.is_client_error() || status.is_server_error() {
-  let gateways = parse_gateways(&doc).ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("Failed to parse gateways"))?;
+    bail!("Portal config error: {}", status)
+  }
+
+  let res_xml = res
+    .text()
+    .await
+    .map_err(|e| PortalError::ConfigError(e.to_string()))?;
+
+  if res_xml.is_empty() {
+    bail!(PortalError::ConfigError(
+      "Empty portal config response".to_string()
+    ))
+  }
+
+  let doc = Document::parse(&res_xml).map_err(|e| PortalError::ConfigError(e.to_string()))?;
+
+  let mut gateways = parse_gateways(&doc).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+    info!("No gateways found in portal config");
+    vec![]
+  });
 
   let user_auth_cookie = xml::get_child_text(&doc, "portal-userauthcookie").unwrap_or_default();
   let prelogon_user_auth_cookie =
     xml::get_child_text(&doc, "portal-prelogonuserauthcookie").unwrap_or_default();
   let config_digest = xml::get_child_text(&doc, "config-digest");
 
-  ensure!(
+  if gateways.is_empty() {
-    !user_auth_cookie.is_empty() && !prelogon_user_auth_cookie.is_empty(),
+    gateways.push(Gateway::new(server.to_string(), server.to_string()));
-    PortalConfigError::EmptyAuthCookie
+  }
-  );
 
-  ensure!(
+  Ok(PortalConfig {
-    user_auth_cookie != "empty" && prelogon_user_auth_cookie != "empty",
+    portal: server.to_string(),
-    PortalConfigError::InvalidAuthCookie
+    auth_cookie: AuthCookieCredential::new(
-  );
-
-  ensure!(!gateways.is_empty(), PortalConfigError::EmptyGateways);
-
-  Ok(PortalConfig::new(
-    server.to_string(),
-    AuthCookieCredential::new(
       cred.username(),
       &user_auth_cookie,
       &prelogon_user_auth_cookie,
     ),
+    config_cred: cred.clone(),
     gateways,
     config_digest,
-  ))
+  })
-}
-
-fn remove_url_scheme(s: &str) -> String {
-  s.replace("http://", "").replace("https://", "")
 }

crates/gpapi/src/portal/mod.rs

@@ -3,3 +3,13 @@ mod prelogin;
 
 pub use config::*;
 pub use prelogin::*;
+
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+#[derive(Error, Debug)]
+pub enum PortalError {
+  #[error("Portal prelogin error: {0}")]
+  PreloginError(String),
+  #[error("Portal config error: {0}")]
+  ConfigError(String),
+}

crates/gpapi/src/portal/prelogin.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 use anyhow::bail;
-use log::{info, trace};
+use log::info;
-use reqwest::Client;
+use reqwest::{Client, StatusCode};
 use roxmltree::Document;
 use serde::Serialize;
 use specta::Type;
 
 use crate::{
   gp_params::GpParams,
+  portal::PortalError,
   utils::{base64, normalize_server, xml},
 };
 
@@ -25,7 +26,9 @@ const REQUIRED_PARAMS: [&str; 8] = [
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub struct SamlPrelogin {
   region: String,
+  is_gateway: bool,
   saml_request: String,
+  support_default_browser: bool,
 }
 
 impl SamlPrelogin {
@@ -36,12 +39,17 @@ impl SamlPrelogin {
   pub fn saml_request(&self) -> &str {
     &self.saml_request
   }
+
+  pub fn support_default_browser(&self) -> bool {
+    self.support_default_browser
+  }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Type, Clone)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub struct StandardPrelogin {
   region: String,
+  is_gateway: bool,
   auth_message: String,
   label_username: String,
   label_password: String,
@@ -79,21 +87,33 @@ impl Prelogin {
       Prelogin::Standard(standard) => standard.region(),
     }
   }
+
+  pub fn is_gateway(&self) -> bool {
+    match self {
+      Prelogin::Saml(saml) => saml.is_gateway,
+      Prelogin::Standard(standard) => standard.is_gateway,
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 pub async fn prelogin(portal: &str, gp_params: &GpParams) -> anyhow::Result<Prelogin> {
   let user_agent = gp_params.user_agent();
-  info!("Portal prelogin, user_agent: {}", user_agent);
+  info!("Prelogin with user_agent: {}", user_agent);
 
   let portal = normalize_server(portal)?;
-  let prelogin_url = format!(
+  let is_gateway = gp_params.is_gateway();
-    "{}/global-protect/prelogin.esp?kerberos-support=yes",
+  let path = if is_gateway {
-    portal
+    "ssl-vpn"
-  );
+  } else {
+    "global-protect"
+  };
+  let prelogin_url = format!("{portal}/{}/prelogin.esp", path);
   let mut params = gp_params.to_params();
+
   params.insert("tmp", "tmp");
-  params.insert("default-browser", "0");
+  if gp_params.prefer_default_browser() {
-  params.insert("cas-support", "yes");
+    params.insert("default-browser", "1");
+  }
 
   params.retain(|k, _| {
     REQUIRED_PARAMS
@@ -107,9 +127,30 @@ pub async fn prelogin(portal: &str, gp_params: &GpParams) -> anyhow::Result<Prel
     .build()?;
 
   let res = client.post(&prelogin_url).form(&params).send().await?;
-  let res_xml = res.error_for_status()?.text().await?;
+  let status = res.status();
 
-  trace!("Prelogin response: {}", res_xml);
+  if status == StatusCode::NOT_FOUND {
+    bail!(PortalError::PreloginError(
+      "Prelogin endpoint not found".to_string()
+    ))
+  }
+
+  if status.is_client_error() || status.is_server_error() {
+    bail!("Prelogin error: {}", status)
+  }
+
+  let res_xml = res
+    .text()
+    .await
+    .map_err(|e| PortalError::PreloginError(e.to_string()))?;
+
+  let prelogin =
+    parse_res_xml(res_xml, is_gateway).map_err(|e| PortalError::PreloginError(e.to_string()))?;
+
+  Ok(prelogin)
+}
+
+fn parse_res_xml(res_xml: String, is_gateway: bool) -> anyhow::Result<Prelogin> {
   let doc = Document::parse(&res_xml)?;
 
   let status = xml::get_child_text(&doc, "status")
@@ -125,12 +166,19 @@ pub async fn prelogin(portal: &str, gp_params: &GpParams) -> anyhow::Result<Prel
 
   let saml_method = xml::get_child_text(&doc, "saml-auth-method");
   let saml_request = xml::get_child_text(&doc, "saml-request");
+  let saml_default_browser = xml::get_child_text(&doc, "saml-default-browser");
   // Check if the prelogin response is SAML
   if saml_method.is_some() && saml_request.is_some() {
     let saml_request = base64::decode_to_string(&saml_request.unwrap())?;
+    let support_default_browser = saml_default_browser
+      .map(|s| s.to_lowercase() == "yes")
+      .unwrap_or(false);
+
     let saml_prelogin = SamlPrelogin {
       region,
+      is_gateway,
       saml_request,
+      support_default_browser,
     };
 
     return Ok(Prelogin::Saml(saml_prelogin));
@@ -144,6 +192,7 @@ pub async fn prelogin(portal: &str, gp_params: &GpParams) -> anyhow::Result<Prel
       .unwrap_or(String::from("Please enter the login credentials"));
     let standard_prelogin = StandardPrelogin {
       region,
+      is_gateway,
       auth_message,
       label_username: label_username.unwrap(),
       label_password: label_password.unwrap(),

crates/gpapi/src/process/auth_launcher.rs

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use super::command_traits::CommandExt;
 
 pub struct SamlAuthLauncher<'a> {
   server: &'a str,
+  gateway: bool,
   saml_request: Option<&'a str>,
   user_agent: Option<&'a str>,
   os: Option<&'a str>,
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ impl<'a> SamlAuthLauncher<'a> {
   pub fn new(server: &'a str) -> Self {
     Self {
       server,
+      gateway: false,
       saml_request: None,
       user_agent: None,
       os: None,
@@ -33,6 +35,11 @@ impl<'a> SamlAuthLauncher<'a> {
     }
   }
 
+  pub fn gateway(mut self, gateway: bool) -> Self {
+    self.gateway = gateway;
+    self
+  }
+
   pub fn saml_request(mut self, saml_request: &'a str) -> Self {
     self.saml_request = Some(saml_request);
     self
@@ -78,6 +85,10 @@ impl<'a> SamlAuthLauncher<'a> {
     let mut auth_cmd = Command::new(GP_AUTH_BINARY);
     auth_cmd.arg(self.server);
 
+    if self.gateway {
+      auth_cmd.arg("--gateway");
+    }
+
     if let Some(saml_request) = self.saml_request {
       auth_cmd.arg("--saml-request").arg(saml_request);
     }

crates/gpapi/src/process/browser_authenticator.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+use std::{env::temp_dir, io::Write};
+
+pub struct BrowserAuthenticator<'a> {
+  auth_request: &'a str,
+}
+
+impl BrowserAuthenticator<'_> {
+  pub fn new(auth_request: &str) -> BrowserAuthenticator {
+    BrowserAuthenticator { auth_request }
+  }
+
+  pub fn authenticate(&self) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    if self.auth_request.starts_with("http") {
+      open::that_detached(self.auth_request)?;
+    } else {
+      let html_file = temp_dir().join("gpauth.html");
+      let mut file = std::fs::File::create(&html_file)?;
+
+      file.write_all(self.auth_request.as_bytes())?;
+
+      open::that_detached(html_file)?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+  }
+}
+
+impl Drop for BrowserAuthenticator<'_> {
+  fn drop(&mut self) {
+    // Cleanup the temporary file
+    let html_file = temp_dir().join("gpauth.html");
+    let _ = std::fs::remove_file(html_file);
+  }
+}

crates/gpapi/src/process/mod.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 pub(crate) mod command_traits;
 
 pub mod auth_launcher;
+#[cfg(feature = "browser-auth")]
+pub mod browser_authenticator;
 pub mod gui_launcher;
 pub mod service_launcher;

crates/gpapi/src/service/event.rs

@@ -7,4 +7,6 @@ use super::vpn_state::VpnState;
 pub enum WsEvent {
   VpnState(VpnState),
   ActiveGui,
+  /// External authentication data
+  AuthData(String),
 }

crates/gpapi/src/utils/mod.rs

@@ -38,3 +38,7 @@ pub fn normalize_server(server: &str) -> anyhow::Result<String> {
 
   Ok(normalized_url)
 }
+
+pub fn remove_url_scheme(s: &str) -> String {
+  s.replace("http://", "").replace("https://", "")
+}